Das nennt man Obsoleszenz. Ist völlig normal.
- Obsolescence and Life Cycle Management for Avionics
3.5 OBSOLESCENCE OF SYSTEMS
Systems obsolescence refers to an entire line replaceable unit (LRU) reaching EOL [End of life] because the manufacturer has made a business decision that recovery action is either not technically feasible or is not economical. Decisions are based on investment return or the fact that demand has declined to such an extent that the manufacturer believes continued production is not economical. Demand decline can occur when a competitor’s product appears or the manufacturer introduces a new or upgraded product to maintain market share or occupy a new market niche. As with any product, the market ensures that supply and demand remain in balance.
Such cases may arise from either top-down causes, such as legislative or regulatory action (e.g., lead-free legislation and revised RNAV rules) or from bottom-up causes, such as actions taken in the supply chain, lost manufacturing capability, or from considerations of competitive position in the market.
Avionics suppliers generally notify customers and end users that a product has reached EOL by SILs or service bulletins (SBs).
http://www.tc.faa.gov/its/worldpac/techrpt/tc15-33.pdf
Der Rechnungshof hat darauf schon vor zehn Jahren hingewiesen:
22.08.2008
Luftraumüberwachungsflugzeuge: Vergleich der Republik Österreich mit der Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH
siehe
35.2 und
43.1
http://www.rechnungshof.gv.at/berichte/ ... -gmbh.html
11.03.2013
Luftraumüberwachungsflugzeuge - Vergleich der Republik Österreich mit der Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH; Follow-up-Überprüfung
siehe
Fußnote 2 (S. 412) und
18.1
http://www.rechnungshof.gv.at/berichte/ ... efung.html
Tribun hat geschrieben: ↑Mo 6. Aug 2018, 10:34Auch zweifle ich daran, dass alle T1-Betreiber 2021 ihre Eurofighter um viele Millionen das Stück upgraden.
Ich kann mich nicht daran erinnern gelesen zu haben, dass nach 2021 Ersatzteile für T1 nicht mehr erhältlich wären.
Oder doch?
Ich habe Informationen aus Großbritannien gefunden:
House of Commons
Committee of Public Accounts
Management of the Typhoon project
Thirtieth Report of Session 2010–12
5. Major defence procurement contracts are often lengthy and therefore carry an inherent risk that elements become obsolete before projects are completed and operational. The risk of obsolescence was exacerbated in the case of Typhoon, which was not operational until two decades after the project started. The Department needs to find ways to actively manage this risk to achieve best value for money. It should consider, for example, how to oblige contractors to manage the risk of obsolescence throughout the life of a project, which might include in-built flexibility for aircraft and other equipment to accommodate upgrades.
6. The Department signed a contract for 16 additional aircraft in July 2009 - the third phase - to bring the total ordered to 160. The Department made a judgement, based on the balance of affordability and operational risk, not to order 232 as originally planned; believing that 160 aircraft balanced its defence needs against severe pressures on the wider defence budget. The Department considered that buying this number of Typhoon aircraft fulfilled its contractual obligations with the other partner nations. By 2019, the Department intends to have retired the 53 oldest aircraft leaving 107 aircraft operational. The Committee was not convinced that the Department had conducted sufficient cost benefit analysis to underpin difficult decisions made on the Typhoon fleet, for example in deciding fleet numbers.
7. The 53 oldest aircraft will still have life remaining in their airframe when the Department retires them. The Department has decided it that it will be better value for money to spend the funding it has on upgrading the 107 newer aircraft to give them greater capability and stop them from becoming obsolete. Obsolescence has been exacerbated by Typhoon not becoming operational until two decades after the project started.
Q43 James Wharton: I am sure you can see where I am going. Is 16 years’ service from a Tranche 1 Typhoon a good lifespan for a modern military aircraft of that type that has cost that much? Is it short, is it long, or is it average?
Stephen Hillier: I think there are two points, and I am sure Simon will come in shortly. First, Tornado and Typhoon are different generations of aircraft. The Typhoon is hugely more capable and also hugely more complex. Generations have moved on, and the life you are going to get out of the aircraft, in obsolescence terms, becomes more of an issue. I think the other thing is that although we have a planning assumption for Tranche 1, what we will aim to do, absolutely, is to get the best out of these aircraft for as long as we possibly can. We continually test and adjust our plans to make sure that we get the longest life and the most capability out of the aircraft, consistent with value for money. So we have a planning assumption at the moment, but we will continue to test and adjust that.
Q44 James Wharton: So that 53 aircraft retired by 2019 is a planning assumption, and if you got the opportunity to extend the life, you will look at that.
Stephen Hillier: It is a planning assumption. We have an obligation to get the best out of the money we spend, so we continually test and adjust these plans.
Q45 Chair: But a planning assumption based on what? Based on what you think your need will be then, or based on what you think the expenditure that will be required will be—what have you based it on?
Stephen Hillier: Both those factors, together with our ability to prevent obsolescence in the aircraft. This is a computer-driven aircraft and there comes a point where it ceases to be value for money to continue to run through on old equipment. So it is obsolescence, it is the threat and it is the numbers of aircraft.
Simon Bollom: Can I try to help here? In terms of our assumptions about Typhoon, and as my colleague
has already stated, in terms of the Tranche 1, we have looked at the obsolescence factor, and we have decided that the value-for-money decision would be take them out of service in around about 2018. For the Tranche 2s and Tranche 3s, which is the balance of the 160, we are assuming that they will run for their whole airframe life, so that will be through to —
Q50 James Wharton: The first tranche is not running its whole airframe life?
Simon Bollom: Correct, because of the obsolescence driver. Tranche 2 and Tranche 3 will run right through to 2030.
https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/c ... 60/860.pdf
Diese Informationen sind natürlich nicht mehr ganz aktuell. Mittlerweile wird davon ausgegangen, dass die britischen Eurofighter der Tranche 1 in einer reinen Luftverteidigungsrolle im Dienst bleiben:
Combat air strategy: An ambitious vision for the future
Published 16 July 2018
44. To define and deliver the future capabilities required when early models of Typhoon leave Royal Air Force service in the late 2030s, the Ministry of Defence will immediately initiate the UK’s Combat Air capability acquisition
programme. Working across Government and with industry and international partners, the Ministry of Defence will:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publicati ... the-future
In Spanien werden seit einiger Zeit Softwareupgrades für die Eurofighter der Tranche 1 entwickelt, um ihnen neue Fähigkeiten zu geben, die ursprünglich nur für die Tranche 2 vorgesehen waren. Diese Softwareupgrades werden seit 2017 in allen spanischen Eurofightern aus der Tranche 1 implementiert:
LA FUERZA AÉREA DE AUSTRIA SE INTERESA POR EL SOFTWARE DE EF-2000 DESARROLLADO EN EL CLAEX., in: Revista de Aéronautica y Astronautica (Mayo 2017)
https://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/me ... mayo17.pdf
RESUMEN del año 2017, in: Revista de Aéronautica y Astronautica (Febrero 2018)
SOSTENIMIENTO Y SITUACIÓN DE PROGRAMAS Y SISTEMAS
[...]
Respecto al C.16, a falta de dos aviones, toda la Tranche 1 (T1) tiene configuración de desarrollo nacional y hay una modificación en curso para minimizar la diferencia entre las funcionalidades de Tranche 1 y Tranche 2.
https://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/me ... aa_870.pdf
El Ejército del Aire incorpora los dos primeros aviones Eurofighter Typhoon en configuración P1Eb FW, in: Revista de Aéronautica y Astronautica (Marzo 2018)
Gracias a la experiencia acumulada en los últimos años para el desarrollo del software operacional, lo que se conoce como OFPs, en la flota de C.15 (EF-18 Hornet), España decidió seguir un camino similar con sus Eurofighter, desarrollando su propio software para los aviones de Tranche 1 y ofreciendo mejoras en continuo contacto con lo que es el esfuerzo internacional del Programa.
Preocupado por una posible carencia de crecimiento en el potencial de las primeras células de Tranche 1 dentro del programa Eurofighter, la Fuerza Aérea española optó por desarrollar sus propias actualizaciones OFP 01 y OFP 02, representando una importante capacidad de desarrollo orgánico dentro de la Fuerza Aérea española y la industria local.
A pesar de recibir el Paquete 1 de mejora de la Tranche 1 de Eurofighter en 2015, el Ejercito del Aire desarrolló la OFP 01. Esta incluye las mejoras de interfaz hombre-máquina (HMI) y la integración de la versión digital del misil aire-aire IRIS-T, ambos probados a principios del 2017. A continuación, se programó la entrega de la OFP 02 para mediados del 2017, incorporando el LDP Litening III, la GBU-48, el AIM-120C-7 y la actualización del ordenador generador de símbolos.
https://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/me ... aa_871.pdf